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@#Objective To summarize the cardiac rehabilitation referral system.Methods The literatures about the construction of cardiac rehabilitation referral systems were retrieved from the databases of CNKI, Wanfang Date, PubMed and Web of Science, and cardiac rehabilitation websites.Results For some foreign countries, the referrals of cardiac rehabilitation mainly based on electronic medical record management system, internet platform, chronic care model, and hospitals and communities. For China, referral system is trying to build based on the medical conjoined system.Conclusion Referral, as the first step, plays an important role in participating in cardiac rehabilitation for patients. The cardiac rehabilitation referral system needs to be improved in China, referred the ways of developed countries.
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Objective The active protein of traditional Chinese medicine has anti-tumor effect, and salvia miltiorrhiza is an important anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine. Here, the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza lectin protein (SMLP) on the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells was studied. Methods SMLP expressed and purified from prokaryotic cells was used to treat the gastric cancer cells SGC-7901. The experiment was divided into the control group (untreated) and the SMLP treatment group (final concentration of 10 μmol / L of SMLP was treated for 24 h). Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the changes of apoptosis gene expression. Flow cytometry and Hoechst staining were applied to detect the apoptotic status. Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 activity assay kits were used to detect the apoptotic level. Results The result of RT-PCR showed that the mRNA level of Bax in the SMLP treatment group was significantly higher than in the control group (1.00±0.12 vs 0.67±0.10）(P<0.05). After treatment with SMLP to gastric cancer cells, the activity and expression level of cleaved Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were increased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05). The cell nucleus in the control group was bigger and rounder, with smooth surface and uniform staining, whilst in the SMLP-treated group, the cell nucleus became deeper with pyknosis, representing typical morphological characteristics of apoptosis. The early apoptosis level in the control group was 6.55%, and the SMLP treatment group reached 10.18%, showing an increase in the level of apoptosis. Conclusion SMLP expressed and purified in vitro can promote the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, which is of great significance for further revealing the function of plant lectin and investigating the anti-tumor effect on the protein of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Objective Trihostatin A (TSA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor of oxime salts, which has certain anti-tumor activity. This article mainly investigates the molecular mechanism of TSA inhibiting cell proliferation through p-AKT/p-mTOR pathway in gastric cancer cells. Methods Gastric cancer cell line-SGC-7901 were treated with TSA of different concentrations, and the inhibition rate of TSA on the cells was detected by MTT assay. The cells were divided into control group (without any treatment), TSA-treated group (200ng/ml TSA), p-AKT covering group (200 ng/mL TSA+8 μg/mL SC79) and autophagy inhibition group (5 mmol/mL 3-methyladenine+200 ng/mL TSA). The protein expression distribution of Lc3 in control and TSA group were detected by cell immunofluorescence staining. The relative expression levels of p-AKT, p-mTOR and autophagy related proteins Lc3 and P62 in control group, TSA group and p-AKT covering group were detected by Western blot. The proliferation of cells in control group, TSA group, p-AKT covering group and autophagy inhibition group were measured by EdU and cell count assay. Results After 24h of treatment, Lc3 in TSA group formed a large number of granular aggregates in the cytoplasm, and the fluorescence distribution changed from the initial diffuse to dense. The TSA group showed a significant reduction in green fluorescence compared with the control group in the EdU experiment. The expression levels of p-AKT in the control group, TSA group and the autophagy inhibition group were 1.78±0.19, 0.92±0.03 and 1.71±0.19, respectively, and Lc3 were 0.21±0.01, 0.79±0.06 and 0.55±0.10, respectively. Compared with the control group, the relative expression level of p-AKT in the TSA group all decreased, while the expression level of Lc3 increased (P <0.05). p-mTOR in the three groups was 0.80±0.16, 0.45±0.04 and 0.98±0.16, respectively. Compared with the control group, the relative expression level of p-mTOR in the TSA group all decreased (P <0.05). P62 in the three groups was 1.17±0.15, 0.48±0.08 and 0.77±0.10, respectively. Compared with the control group, the relative expression level of P62 in the TSA group all decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the TSA group, p-AKT, p-mTOR and P62 expression in the p-AKT covering group increased (P<0.05), while Lc3 expression decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the inhibition effect of cell growth curve was the most obvious in the TSA group, while the cell growth curve of p-AKT covering group and autophagy inhibition group showed a partial recovery compared with the TSA group. Conclusion TSA can promote autophagy by inhibiting p-AKt/p-mTOR pathway, thus inhibiting the proliferation of gastric cancer cells.
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Objective@#To analyze the specific effects of different education methods on AIDS in colleges of ethnic minority areas, and explore effective ways to carry out AIDS education in colleges of ethnic minority areas.@*Methods@#A baseline survey was conducted among 3 000 ethnic freshmen in a university in Guangxi. Different AIDS education methods (traditional education group, peer education group, situational role-playing group) were implemented according to the different distribution of the campus(traditional education group, peer education group and situational role-playing group). The awareness rates of basic AIDS knowledge, AIDS prevention knowledge and the positive selection rate of AIDS-related attitude of the three groups of students before and after intervention were statistically analyzed.@*Results@#Before intervention, there was no significant difference in the awareness rate of basic AIDS knowledge, AIDS prevention knowledge and positive selection rate of AIDS-related attitudes among traditional education group, peer education group and situational role-playing group(χ2=0.19，1.59，0.80，P>0.05). After intervention, the awareness rate of basic AIDS knowledge, AIDS prevention knowledge and positive selection rate of AIDS-related attitudes among the three groups were not significant(P<0.05). The awareness rate of basic AIDS knowledge, AIDS prevention knowledge and positive selection rate of AIDS-related attitudes in peer education group and situational role-playing group were significantly higher than those in traditional education group(χ2=47.51，22.26，90.83，P<0.05), the awareness rate of basic AIDS knowledge and the positive selection rate of AIDS-related attitudes in situational role-playing group was significantly higher than that in peer education group.@*Conclusion@#The awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among ethnic minority students in college in Guangxi is still at a low level. Traditional education, peer education and situational role-playing education can effectively improve the awareness of AIDS among ethnic minority students，and situational role-playing education is more effective.
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Objective :To study and analyze influence of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PHS) of different de-gree on pregnancy outcome .Methods :Clinical data of 120 PHS patients (PHS group) of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.According to their disease condition ,they were divided into mild preeclampsia group (n＝40 ,MPE group ,group 2) ,severe preeclampsia group (n＝40 ,SPE group ,group 3) and eclampsia group (n＝40 ,group 4).Another 40 normal pregnant women were enrolled as normal control group (group 1) during the same period .Pregnancy outcome was com-pared among PHS of different degree and normal control group (group 1).Results :Compared with normal control group , there were significant rise in cesarean section rate ( (15.0% vs.27.5% vs.52.5% vs.77.5%) ,total incidence rates of neonatal asphyxia ,fetal distress and perinatal child death (5% vs.7.5% vs.27.5% vs.52.5%) ,and significant reduc-tions in pregnancy weeks [(40.1 ± 1.8) weeks vs.(37.9 ± 1.7) weeks vs.(36.4 ± 1.8) weeks vs.(34.9 ± 1.5) weeks] and fetal body mass [ (3312.2 ± 430.6) g vs.(3013.5 ± 462.7) g vs.(2745.9 ± 481.5) g vs.(2536.7 ± 489.3) g] in group 2 ,3 ,4 , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01. Conclusion : Pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome affects pregnancy outcome and pos-sesses adverse influence on mother and baby .The influence gets bigger along with disease aggravates ,therefore ,preventive measures should be ready in order to reduce incidence rate of adverse reactions .
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Objective To realize the status of health literacy on basic health concept and knowledge and its influence factors among the residents in Xicheng District of Beijing, and to provide basis for developing targeted health education in the future. Methods Residents aged 15-69 years in Xicheng District were selected by stratified multi-stage sampling method and investigated using National Health Literacy Questionnaire. The level of basic health concept and knowledge and its influence factors were analyzed. Results We investigated 3462 people and received 3290 valid questionnaires, with 95.03％ efficiency. The rate of having basic health concept and knowledge in residents of Xicheng District was 22.67％, with standardized rate of 24.48％. The rate of having basic health concept and knowledge in males and females were 21.47％ and 23.85％. In all questions of basic health concept and knowledge, the lowest correct answer rate was the route of transmission of tuberculosis, only 10.92％ . Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that occupation (OR: 1.303-2.330) and education level (OR:1.367-2.196) were the influencing factors for basic concept and knowledge of health literacy after other factors have been controlled. Conclusion The level of basic health concept and knowledge in Xicheng District was very low. Occupation and education level were the influencing factors for having basic concept and knowledge of health literacy.
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Hepatitis associated anti-tuberculous treatment (HATT) has been a main obstacle in managing patients co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hepatitis B virus (HBV).Therefore,we evaluated the factors related to the severity of adverse effects during HATT,especially those associated with liver failure.A retrospective study was carried out at Tongji Hospital from 2007 to 2012.Increases in serum transaminase levels of＞3,5,and 10 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) were used to define liver damage as mild,moderate,and severe,respectively.Patients with elevated total bilirubin (TBil) levels that were more than 10 times the ULN (＞171 μrnol/L) with or without decreased (＜40％) prothrombin activity (PTA) were diagnosed with liver failure.A cohort of 87 patients was analyzed.The incidence of liver damage and liver failure was 59.8％ (n=52) and 25.3％ (n=22),respectively.The following variables were correlated with the severity of hepatotoxicity:albumin (ALB) levels,PTA,platelet counts (PLT),and the use of antiretroviral therapies (P＜0.05).Hypo-proteinemia and antiretroviral therapy were significantly associated with liver failure,and high viral loads were a significant risk factor with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.066.Judicious follow-up of clinical conditions,liver function tests,and coagulation function,especially in patients with high HBV loads and hypoalbuminemia is recommended.It may be advisable to reconsider the use of antiviral drugs failure during the course of anti-tuberculous treatment of HBV infection patients to avoid the occurrence of furious liver failure.
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The noninvasive measurement of liver stiffness (LS) was evaluated by transient elastography (FibroScan) and the possible influencing factors from the patients' clinical situations including age,gender,liver inflammation represented by alanine transaminase (ALT) and total billirubin (TBIL) level,HBV replication (HBV DNA loads),portal vein pressure (portal vessel diameter,PVD),splenic thickness (SPT) and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).A total of 466 patients including 31 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF),and 435 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) among which 82 patients were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis (LC) by clinical manifestations and liver B-type ultrasonic inspection were enrolled at Tongji Hospital from April to December 2009.LS was measured by a FibroScan device (EchoSens,France).Simultaneously,ALT and TBIL levels,HBV DNA loads,PVD,SPT and BMI in all patients were also tested.Forty-one healthy volunteers served as controls.The values of LS were correlated positively with ages of CHB patients and significantly higher in males than in females.In patients with BMI＞28 kg/m2 (obesity) and abnormal levels of ALT and TBIL,LS values were significantly increased as compared with those having normal levels of ALT and TBIL.The patients with ACLF had the highest LS value.Furthermore,LS values in the patients with LC were significantly higher than those in patients without LC.It is concluded that noninvasive measurement of liver fibrosis by FibroScan provides an alternative method to evaluate liver fibrosis of patients with CHB.In order to properly illustrate the stiffness value taken by transient elastography,patients' gender should be taken into consideration and it is also suggested to avoid possible influencing factors including liver inflammation (high levels of ALT and TBIL) and obesity (high BMI).
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In previous study,glutaric acid (GA) induced apoptosis of primary striatal neuron in vitro.In order to investigate the neurotoxic effects of GA on neonatal rat corpus striatum and the possible mechanism,34 male pups were randomly assigned to NS group,low dose GA (LGA,5 μmol GA/g body weight) group and high dose GA (HGA,10 μmol GA/g body weight) group.These pups were subcutaneously administered with three injections from postnatal day 3 to 22 at 7:30 am,15:00 pm and 22:30 pm and killed 12 h after the last injection.Microscopic pathology in corpus striatum was evaluated by HE staining.The apoptotic cells were identified by TUNEL staining.The transcript levels of caspase-3,8,9,Bax,Bcl-2 were detected by using real-time PCR and the protein levels of procaspase-3 and the active fraction were evaluated by Westem blotting.In LGA and HGA groups,ventricle collapse,cortical atrophy by a macroscope and interstitial edema,vacuolations,widened perivascular space of bilateral striatum by a microscope were observed.TUNEL assay revealed that the apoptotic cells were increased in LGA and HGA groups.The transcript of caspase-3 was up-regulated to 2.5 fold,accompanied by the up-regulation of caspase-9,Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2.The protein levels ofprocaspase-3 and the active fraction were up-regulated in LGA and HGA groups.The rat model for GA Ⅰ showed mitochondrial apoptotic pathway may be involved in the GA-induced striatal lesion.Further studies should be taken to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is a common inherited autosomal recessive disorder resulting from defects in the enzyme methylmalonyl CoA mutase (MCM,mut complementation group) or in the synthesis of the MCM cofactor adenosylcobalamin (cbl complementation groups).The defects in the mut complementation group accounts for the largest number of patients with isolated MMA.At least 200 mutations in the MUT gene on chromosome 6p12 have been identified in MMA patients until now.This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of MMA and genomic variations in the MUT gene of Chinese patients.Genomic DNA was extracted from 18 patients who were diagnosed as having isolated MMA by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS),and from some of their parents as well.Amplification and direct sequencing of the MUT coding regions (exon 2-13) and their adjacent intronic consensus splice sites were performed in order to identify the disease causing mutations.In this group,six novel mutations in the MUT gene,c.424A＞G (p.T142A),c.786T＞G (p.S262R),c.808G＞C(p.G270R),c.1323_1324insA,c.1445-1G＞A and c.1676+77A＞C were identified.p.T142A and p.G270R were respectively detected at a heterozygous level in one patient.Two previously reported mutations,c.682C＞T (p.R228X) and c.323G＞A (p.R108H) were also found in this study.In addition,six previously described single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP),c.636A＞G (p.K212K),c.1495G＞A(p.A499T),c.1595A＞G (p.H532R),c.1992G＞A (p.A664A),c.2011G＞A (p.V671I) and c.1677-53A＞Gwere identified.In this study,we updated the spectrum of MUT mutations and identified the main MMA-causing mutations in Chinese MMA patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Though myasthenia gravis (MG) is a typical autoimmune disorder, there was some controversy on the treatment of the childhood-onset MG. By observing the efficacy of different therapies, the authors analyzed the affecting factors of prognosis in childhood-onset MG.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The retrospective data of 155 patients with childhood-onset MG (age of MG onset was less than 15 years) were collected from Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital (January 2000 - February 2010). The patients were non-randomly divided according to their treatment into 3 groups (glucocorticoid, thymectomy and glucocorticoid combined with thymectomy groups). Postintervention status meeting the criteria of Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) "complete stable remission, CSR", "pharmacologic remission, PR", "minimal manifestations, MM", or "Improved, I" was regarded as desirable response, which was used as primary indicator of observation. The authors assessed the efficacy of three therapies and analyzed the influencing factors of prognosis by using Chi-square test and Logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>At 3 months of treatment, glucocorticoid group showed the highest effective rate. At the end of 1 year or 2 years of treatment, glucocorticoid combined with thymectomy group showed the highest effective rate respectively. The generalization rate of MG at 2 years, 10 years and 20 years in childhood-onset ocular MG patients were 4.3%, 10.7%, and 41.5%, respectively. Of patients with generalization of MG, 48.1% occurred within 2 years, 92.6% within 20 years. Univariate analysis showed that in childhood-onset ocular MG patients, variables such as age at onset (> 10 years), LG-MG and with chronic fatigue were significantly associated with general MG conversion. Whereas multivariate analysis showed that patients with age at onset (> 10 years) and chronic muscle fatigue were apt to convert to generalized MG.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Glucocorticoid appeared to have an effect that leads to early remission of symptoms in childhood-onset MG patients and glucocorticoid combined with thymectomy appeared to have better long-term effect. For those childhood-onset ocular MG patients with longer course of disease, older age of onset, chronic fatigue, or LG-MG, physicians should try to prevent the generalization of MG by immunosuppressive therapies.</p>
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Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Glucocorticoids , Therapeutic Uses , Myasthenia Gravis , Diagnosis , Therapeutics , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , ThymectomyABSTRACT
The role of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) was investigated. A mouse model of experimental autoimmune hepatitis was established, and the syngeneic S-100 antigen emulsified in complete Freud's adjuvant was injected intraperitoneally into adult male C57BL/6 mice. The IL-17 expression in serum and the livers of the mice models was detected by using ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively. IL-17 neutralizing antibody was used to study the biological effect of IL-17 in the experimental AIH. IL-17 neutralizing antibody in vivo administration alleviated the hepatic inflammation and ALT level in the AIH model. IL-17 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of A1H patients was measured by using real-time PCR method. The results showed that IL-17 level was significantly up-regulated in AIH patients and mice models. It was concluded that IL-17 contributed to the development of A IH and might be a potential therapeutic target of AIH.
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smids were constructed suc-cessfully, and SARS-CoV encoding proteins could activate transcription and expression of hfgl2 gene.
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An improved method is described for fast and reliable isolation of neurons from hippocampus of adult rats by a combination of mechanical and enzymatic means. The procedure allows the isolation of neurons from 500-600-d-old rats (over 300 g), preserving the proximal dendritic structure without impairing the electrical characteristics of the cells. Morphologically distinct neurons can be recognized. Using cell-attached, inside-out and whole-cell configurations of patch clamp technique, it was shown that the enzymatically isolated neurons in hippocampus from rats weighing more than 300 g exhibited voltage-gated calcium, sodium and potassium currents, outwardly rectifying chloride channel and large conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium channel currents. Approximately, 95% of healthy cells allowed the formation of giga-ohm seals.